PR001512 (Project)

Description:Rising rates of peanut allergy motivate investigations of its development to inform prevention and therapy. Microbiota and the metabolites they produce shape food allergy risk. We performed a longitudinal, multi-center, integrative study of the gut microbiome and metabolome of 122 infants with allergy risk factors but no peanut allergy who were followed through mid childhood. 28.7% of infants developed peanut allergy by mid-childhood. Lower infant gut microbiome diversity was associated with peanut allergy development (P=0.014). Peanut allergy-bound children had different abundance trajectories of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 sp. (FDR=0.015) and Bifidobacterium sp. (FDR=0.033), with butyrate (FDR=0.045) and isovalerate (FDR=0.036) decreasing over time. Metabolites associated with peanut allergy development clustered within the histidine metabolism pathway. Positive correlations between microbiota, butyrate, and isovalerate and negative correlations with histamine marked the peanut allergy free network. The temporal dynamics of the gut microbiome and metabolome in early childhood are distinct for children who develop peanut allergy.